SHREVEPORT, La. - The sudden death of U.S. Sen. Lindsey Graham last month is drawing renewed attention to a rare but often deadly medical emergency known as an aortic dissection.
Preliminary findings from the District of Columbia medical examiner said Graham died from an aortic dissection caused by arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
An aortic dissection occurs when a tear develops in the inner layer of the aorta, the body's largest artery. As blood flows through the tear, it forces the layers of the artery apart, weakening the vessel. If the aorta ruptures, the condition is frequently fatal.
Dr. Phillip Rozeman, a cardiologist with Willis Knighton Health, said an aortic dissection is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
"Aortic dissection is associated with significant chest pain," Rozeman said. "It's a tearing-type pain. It's unmistakable."
Because the aorta carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body, a tear can quickly lead to severe internal bleeding. Common symptoms include sudden, severe chest pain, upper back pain, severe abdominal pain, shortness of breath, and difficulty walking.
According to reports, Graham experienced chest pain before his death but planned to wait until after a scheduled appearance the following day to seek medical care. He died later that night.
Rozeman said anyone experiencing sudden, severe chest pain should call 911 immediately.
"If you can make it to the emergency room, it's possible you can make it through emergency surgery," he said.
Although an aortic dissection can occur without warning, doctors say several factors can increase a person's risk, including uncontrolled high blood pressure, smoking and a family history of aneurysms or aortic dissections.
Health experts encourage people to reduce their risk by managing their blood pressure, avoiding tobacco products, keeping up with routine medical care and discussing their family history with their healthcare provider.
While the condition is uncommon, physicians say recognizing the warning signs and seeking emergency care without delay can be lifesaving.